| Risk sources | Common approach |
| Nuclear accidents (The leakage of oil depots and natural gas) | Historical data analysis, risk identification and hazard analysis, probability estimation and impacts prediction, and the proposal of preventive actions and emergency plan [24] -[26] |
| Chemical and toxic substances (The leakage of chemical and toxic substances) | Pollution scope identification, physical and chemical analysis of sample, main pollutants identification, dose-response assessment, risk evaluation and characterizations [27] [28] |
| Marine accident and oil spills (Petrochemical industry accidents and other projects accidents on the sea) | Retrospective and status-quo assessment, risk source identification, predicted analysis including the probability and corresponding consequences, and risk evaluation and characterizations [29] -[31] |